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来源：历峰彩票2024-02-02 17:48

国家发改委：黄土高原已历史性实现主色调由“黄”转“绿”******

　　光明网讯（记者袁晴）国务院新闻办公室1月12日举行新闻发布会，邀请水利部、国家发展改革委有关负责人介绍加强新时代水土保持工作有关情况。

　　2019年以来，习近平总书记多次就推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展发表了重要讲话，对加快黄河流域以及水土流失治理作出了重要指示批示。《关于加强新时代水土保持工作的意见》强调要加强黄河流域水土保持工作，下一步将采取哪些具体措施来推进相关工作？

　　针对上述提问，国家发展改革委农村经济司负责人关锡璠在会上作出回应。

国家发改委：黄土高原已历史性实现主色调由“黄”转“绿”

国家发展改革委农村经济司负责人关锡璠（徐想摄）

　　关锡璠表示，黄河流域是我国水土流失最严重的区域，全面加强水土保持工作，对区域生态保护和经济社会高质量发展、对防治水土流失造成的土地贫瘠、河道淤积、生态环境恶化等问题具有重要作用。国家发改委、水利部按照决策部署，针对黄土高原水土流失面广量大、强度高等特点，及时对“十四五”时期的投资结构、投向做了优化调整，持续加大这个区域的投入力度。2021年以来，已经累计投入了40亿元，经过多年治理，这个区域累计治理水土流失面积1.81万平方公里，黄土高原地区水土流失面积已由监测以来最严重的45万平方公里减少到23.13万平方公里，同时黄河输沙量大幅减少，区域已经历史性实现了主色调由“黄”转“绿”。

　　“在黄河流域水土保持工作取得长足进展的同时，我们应该看到，这个区域仍然是我国水土流失最严重的区域，特别是像黄土高原坡耕地水土流失、沟道重力侵蚀等问题还比较突出，是黄河泥沙的主要来源。”关锡璠说，黄河目前还是世界上泥沙含量最高的河流，做好黄河流域水土保持工作不仅关系到这个区域的生态保护大局，也关系到黄河水沙协调和长治久安。

　　关锡璠介绍，国家发改委将会同水利部等有关部门，在政策规划资金等方面都有相应的安排，继续将黄河流域尤其是黄土高原地区作为我国水土保持工作的重点。坚持“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念，坚持系统治理、综合施策，围绕推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展目标，从以下三个方面加力推进黄河流域水土保持工作。

　　一是加强预防保护。预防一直是水土保持的首要举措，做好预防，效率高、效果好。要科学做好水土流失重点预防区、重要支流源头区的水土保持规划，像砒砂岩区、多沙粗沙区、水蚀风蚀交错区，这些区域生态环境非常脆弱，要加强保护，持续提升流域生态质量。以资源开发和基础设施项目为重点，完善水土流失预防和治理措施，有效控制生产建设的扰动和影响。

　　二是推进系统治理。以黄河流域上中游粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区为重点，大力实施坡耕地水土流失治理工程，统筹提升水土保持和粮食生产能力。突出抓好黄河多沙粗沙区，特别是粗泥沙集中来源区综合治理。

　　三是强化监测评价。监测是做好预防治理的基础和前提，要考虑优化黄河流域水土保持监测站点布局，推进黄河粗泥沙集中来源区拦沙工程水土保持专项监测，构建以监测站点为基础、常态化动态监测为主、定期调查为补充的水土保持监测体系，深化监测评价和预报预警，支撑黄河流域水土流失科学精准防治。

历峰彩票

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.